Italians began casting ballots on Sunday in a highly contentious constitutional referendum on judicial reform that is being widely seen as a pivotal political test for Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her right‑wing coalition ahead of next year’s general election.
The referendum, held over two days on March 22–23, asks voters to confirm or reject a constitutional overhaul of the judiciary that was approved by Parliament last year but requires popular approval because it did not secure the necessary super‑majority.
The proposed changes would separate the career paths of judges and public prosecutors, create two separate governing councils for each, and introduce new mechanisms such as a High Disciplinary Court and sortition (random selection) for some judicial posts.
Supporters, led by Meloni and her allies, argue the reform is needed to reduce factionalism, modernise Italy’s slow and politicised justice system, and improve public confidence. Opponents, including the centre‑left Democratic Party, the Five Star Movement, and major magistrates’ associations, contend the changes could weaken judicial independence and increase political influence over prosecutions and judges.
Unlike many Italian referendums, there is no turnout quorum required, meaning the result will be valid regardless of voter participation levels.
Polls conducted ahead of voting showed a close contest, with the outcome uncertain and turnout expected to be a crucial factor. Analysts say a ‘Yes’ victory, confirming the reform, would bolster Meloni’s political standing, while a ‘No’ result could energise the opposition and weaken her position as Italy heads toward elections in 2027.
The vote has drawn intense public attention and heated debate, transforming what was initially framed as a technical constitutional matter into a broader referendum on judicial independence and political power.