Author: Sara Nazir

For Pakistan, the persistence of cross-border terrorism emanating from Afghanistan represents a structural security challenge rather than an episodic concern. Recent open-source visuals and local reporting from the Bajaur border region, when assessed alongside United Nations monitoring reports, indicate continued militant movement across the Pakistan-Afghanistan frontier. These developments reinforce long-standing concerns that Afghan territory continues to be exploited by militant groups to mount attacks against Pakistan, undermining civilian safety and border stability. This evolving threat environment is best understood through the terrorist safe haven framework in security studies. The safe haven literature explains how militant organizations exploit weak, ungoverned, or…